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On one hand, n-butanol as a potential alternative bio-fuel is accepted more and more attention presently in the fields of both scientific research and commercial market; on the other hand, some n-butanol's (or its mixtures blended with conventional fossil fuels) combustion properties, especially the flame propagation characteristic, are still unknown widely or profoundly, especially under the ICE...
This study is to advance the energy performance of solar air-conditioning system through appropriate component integration from the absorption refrigeration cycle and proper high-temperature cooling. In the previous studies, the solar absorption air-conditioning using the working pair of water – lithium bromide (H2O–LiBr) is found to have prominent primary energy saving than the conventional compression...
PG (producer gas) from biomass gasification can be used either in SI (spark ignited) or CI (compressed ignited) engine. Present study evaluates fundamental combustion characteristics of SI CPG (compressed producer gas) in a CVCC (constant volume combustion chamber) at various equivalence ratios (ϕ) using optical technique. The combustion characteristics were compared to common fuels: gasoline, CNG...
This two-part body of work considers wind turbines that increase annual energy production on account of an enhanced aeroelastic behaviour. In Part I, an aerodynamic analysis was performed to identify the theoretically ideal aeroelastic response of a reference blade. By so doing, the distributions of twist that maximise the power yielded at different wind speeds were obtained. Then, noting that the...
TEG (Thermoelectric power generator) modules are attractive energy harvesters, as they can deliver electrical output power from the temperature difference of all sorts of things. Recently, growing interests in self-powered wearable mobile electronics provoke the necessity of flexible TEG modules. However, the technology on flexible TEG modules is still at a very early stage. Here we demonstrate flexible...
In this paper, Monte Carlo ray-tracing and computational fluid dynamics are used to numerically investigate the minimum entropy generation due to heat transfer and fluid friction in a parabolic trough receiver. The analysis was carried out for rim angles in the range 40°–120°, concentration ratios in the range 57–143, Reynolds numbers in the range 1.02 × 104–1.36 × 106 and fluid temperatures in the...
This paper presents an experimental study on the M-G DFSI (methanol-gasoline dual-fuel spark ignition) combustion for knock suppression in a gasoline engine with high compression ratio. M-G DFSI is organized using a port-injection of high oxygenated, high latent heat and high octane number fuel to suppress knock and a direct injection of high energy density and high volatility fuel to extend high...
Power and hydrogen (H2) production by burning and reforming ammonia (NH3) in a micro-TPV (microscale-thermophotovoltaic) device integrated with a micro-reformer is studied experimentally. A heat-recirculating micro-emitter with the cyclone and helical adapters that enhance the residence time of fed fuel-air mixtures and uniform burning burns H2-added NH3-air mixtures. A micro-reformer that converts...
The use of biodiesel fuels in diesel engines is gaining attention as a promising solution to control CO2 emissions. Great research efforts have been carried out to identify the impact of biodiesel physical and chemical properties on engine systems and processes. Most of these investigations were performed in warm conditions, but the suitability of biodiesel for starting the engine at under-zero ambient...
In this study, a new novel bench-scale (5 L) tubular photocatalytic reactor was developed and its feasibility studies were conducted for optimizing the operating variables, namely concentration of sulfide ion, concentration of sulfite ion, pH, catalyst concentration, lamp power, volume of wastewater and recycle flow rates at batch recycle mode for the generation of hydrogen from aqueous sodium sulfide...
We provide a wind power forecasting methodology that exploits many of the actual data's statistical features, in particular both-sided censoring. While other tools ignore many of the important “stylized facts” or provide forecasts for short-term horizons only, our approach focuses on medium-term forecasts, which are especially necessary for practitioners in the forward electricity markets of many...
This paper presents a comprehensive model of a small-scale integrated energy based district heating and cooling (DHC) system located in a residential area of hot-summer and cold-winter zone, which makes joint use of wind energy, solar energy, natural gas and electric energy. The model includes an off-grid wind turbine generator, heat producers, chillers, a water supply network and terminal loads....
Packed column strippers are being used for removing VOCs (volatile organic compounds) contaminants from drinking and industrial waste waters. In order to evaluate the capability of packed towers for reducing the contaminant concentration to its permissible limits, a mathematical mass transfer model is developed. The model, which is based on resistances-in-series approach and considers liquid-vapor...
Current legislation, standards, and scientific research in the field of energy efficiency often make use of PEFs (primary energy factors). The measures employed are usually fixed and based on theoretical calculations. However given the intrinsically variable nature of energy systems, these PEFs should rely on empirical data and evolve in time. Otherwise the obtained efficiencies may not be representative...
In order to maintain or improve a jurisdiction's energy security, its energy system needs to meet the demands of its energy services with affordable and preferably environmentally acceptable flows of energy. Since diversity can be a factor in the long-term survival of a system, having a diversity of energy flows is frequently treated as a proxy for energy security.This paper examines the relationship...
PCMs (Phase change materials) are used to enhance the thermal storage capacity of building walls, decrease indoor air temperature fluctuations, and shift peak heat transfer rates to off-peak times. PCM location within building walls is recognized to be critical for the optimum performance of the system. One possible integration of the PCM into a wall could be via a PCM-layer or “shield,” herein referred...
The transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol is studied with different γAl2O3 heterogeneous catalysts. The catalysts used are K-γAl2O3, Na-γAl2O3, Li-γAl2O3, Ca-γAl2O3 and Ba-γAl2O3 both 5% and 10% in metal content are prepared by impregnation. The first study concluded that only two of the ten catalysts studied (K-γAl2O3, Na-γAl2O3 with 10% content in metal) gave a FAME (Fatty acid...
The hybrid method is effective for energy savings. This paper presents an energy efficient hydraulic hybrid propulsion system for automobiles. The system consists of hydraulic common pressure rail, hydraulic transformer and hydraulic pump or motor. The parameter design and propulsion characteristics of the hydraulic hybrid propulsion system were investigated. The simulated and tested results were...
2-D linear prediction filter approach is a well-known method in the literature. Such an approach that uses past samples to predict present values is also applicable to solar irradiance data. Therefore, such models have limited accuracy levels. In this study, a new approach for hourly solar radiation forecasting is developed. First, the data measured hourly throughout a year, i.e., ambient temperature...
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